Anger and mental health
Anger is one our most powerful and vital
emotions. It can be a necessary tool for survival of individuals and
communities. However, anger can become problematic when it persists and
begins to cause significant difficulties in our lives with our mental
health which includes our thinking, feeling, behaviour and
relationships.1
Anger is one of the most basic human emotions. It is a physical and
mental response to a threat or to harm done in the past. Anger takes
many different forms from irritation to blinding rage or resentment that
festers over many years.2Anger has three components:3
- Physical - physical reactions normally begin with a rush of adrenaline and responses can include an increased heart rate, blood pressure, and tightening of muscles. This is often known as the 'flight or fight' response.
- Cognitive - the cognitive experience of anger is how we perceive and think about what is angering us.
- Behavioural - this constitutes to any behaviour that signals anger, which may include raising one’s voice, slamming doors or storming away.
Why do we get angry?
Anger is caused by a combination of factors such as a trigger event, the qualities of an individual, and the individual’s appraisal of a situation.Trigger event
Typically there is some sort of event that occurs right before someone gets angry, such as being insulted by someone. The majority of the time, people tend to believe that the event or person has caused their anger: "I got angry because he made me mad." But the truth is a trigger event cannot cause anger directly, without the presence of other factors.Individual characteristics
These include two things: personality traits and the pre-anger state. Personality traits such as narcissism and competitiveness can increase the likelihood of people experiencing anger. The pre-anger state refers to how someone feels physiologically and psychologically before the trigger event. Feeling tired, agitated or already angry can increase the likelihood of the person responding with anger.Appraisal of the situation
We get angry when we appraise a situation as blameworthy, unjustified or punishable. The important thing to remember about cognitive appraisal is that a person's anger-inducing interpretation or appraisal of a situation isn't necessarily inaccurate.4How do I recognise anger?
Some physical signs of anger include:- increased and rapid heart rate
- shaking or trembling
- sweating, especially your palms
- dizziness.
- feeling anxious
- being resentful
- feeling guilty
- being irritated.
- pacing
- becoming sarcastic
- raising your voice
- beginning to yell, scream or cry.5
How can I manage my anger?
It is important to learn to understand your anger and it may be useful to know some techniques that can limit the chances of it coming out in a way that is damaging.6Learn your triggers - it may be helpful to keep a diary about the times and situations where you felt angry. You can include answers to the following questions:
- What were the circumstances?
- Did someone say or do something to trigger your anger?
- How did you feel?
- How did you behave?
- How did you feel afterwards?
Calming techniques - you could try some of the following:
- Breathing slowly – breathe out for longer than you breathe in and relax when you breathe out.
- Counting to 10 before you react to anything – this can help give you perspective on what to do.
- Doing something creative – this can channel your energy and focus towards something else.
- Listen to calming music – this can help change you mood and slow your physical as well as emotional reactions down.
- Using relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation.
- make communication easier
- stop tense situations getting out of control
- benefit your relationships and self-esteem
- to keep you physically and mentally well.
Where can I go for further help?
If you are worried about your own anger or another aspect of your mental health, going to your GP is a good place to start to discuss what’s bothering you. They may be able to suggest ways you can manage your anger yourself or they may refer you for further support. You may be able to get help on the NHS or, if you can afford it, pay for it yourself.Local support groups can be a way for people with a similar problem to share their experiences and support and encourage each other to change their behaviour. They may be led by someone who has themselves had a problem with anger in the past.
Talking therapies such as counselling or CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) can help people explore what makes them angry, work out why anger has become a problem for them and learn how to change the way they respond to the situations that typically make them angry. Talking therapies are usually provided over a course of several weeks or months.
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