British fruit and vegetables would all but vanish from shops if
Brexit means the foreign workers who pick virtually all the home-grown
produce are no longer able to come to the UK, according to some of the
country’s biggest producers.
They warn that the nation’s food security would be damaged and that
produce in UK shops would become more expensive if the freedom of
movement for EU workers came to an end. They are urging ministers to set
up a new permit scheme for seasonal workers.
Without a scheme, they say production would move abroad, where many
already have large operations, or would switch to cereals which are
harvested by machines. The Brexit vote is already deterring foreign
workers from coming to the UK, the producers report.
About 90% of British fruit, vegetables and salads are picked, graded
and packed by 60,000 to 70,000 workers from overseas, mostly from
eastern Europe. Many of these work in areas which voted very strongly to
leave the EU: the largely agricultural borough of Boston in
Lincolnshire had the
highest vote for leaving the EU in the whole country, at 75%.
“If we don’t have freedom of movement and they don’t replace it with a
permit scheme then the industry will just close down” in the UK, said
John Shropshire,
chairman of G’s ,
one of the nation’s biggest producers of salads and vegetables, which
employs 2,500 seasonal workers and also has farms in Spain, Poland, the
Czech Republic and Senegal. “No British person wants a seasonal job
working in the fields. They want permanent jobs or jobs that are not
quite as taxing physically.”
“The government has to make a decision: either we bring the people to
the work or we take the work to the people,” he told the Guardian. “The
government has to decide does it want [the UK] to produce food or not -
that is their decision.”
Angus Davison, chairman at
Haygrove ,
a major berry and cherry producer, employing 800 seasonal workers, said
that without them their growing would be exported: “We would move it to
the continent. We wouldn’t be able to operate here in the UK because we
would not be able to harvest the crops.” Half of Haygrove’s production
is already in Portugal and South Africa.
“Do you want all your fresh produce to come from foreign countries?”
he asked. “There would be more risks around its security, we wouldn’t be
as food secure as a nation.” Davison said his company had 15 workers a
day applying to its offices in Romania and Bulgaria before the Brexit
referendum, but this has dropped now to one or two: “We are genuinely
concerned. People over there are feeling they are not wanted here.”
More than 98% of those coming to the UK through a previous
Seasonal Agricultural Workers scheme
returned home. It ran from 1948 to 2013, when Theresa May as home
secretary scrapped it. Davison said: “Seasonal workers for harvesting
crops are not migrants. They come here to do a job and they go away
again.” Davison and other producers told the Guardian their existing
seasonal staff had been very unsettled by the Brexit vote and that there
was a moral duty for the government to clarify their future status.
The UK produces only half of the fresh produce it eats, but despite
consumers wanting more British-grown fruit, vegetables and salad, the
investment to increase the nation’s self-sufficiency is at risk if
seasonal workers are not available, said Chris Mack, chairman at
Fresca Group ,
another major producer whose businesses include five huge salad
greenhouses at Thanet in Kent, where 64% of voters backed leaving the
EU.
“We were hoping to build the sixth [greenhouse], but unless we have
the people to go and pick the tomatoes, it’s difficult to see how we are
going to do that,” he said. The introduction of the national living
wage was already causing fruit and vegetable producers, who do not
receive EU subsidies, to move to lower cost countries, Mack said: “If
there is a further issue around the availability of labour, moving your
fields overseas will be almost be the only option.”
Mack also said shoppers will be hit in the pocket if Brexit
negotiations lead to no freedom of movement and no access to the single
EU market: “There will be less access to fresh produce and prices will
inevitably then go up.”
It is not just major producers who are concerned about the
availability of seasonal workers. Erica Consterdine, from the University
of Sussex’s Centre for Migration Research, said: “What is absolutely
certain is that, without foreign labour, there are going to be massive
labour market shortages. I’m not sure the government quite realises just
how reliant these sectors are on EU labour.”
“It’s looking pretty bad in terms of the security of the food supply
chain. It would be disastrous,” she said. “I can’t really see how the
industry can survive in the long term without freedom of movement of
workers, without reintroducing some kind of agricultural workers scheme.
Economically, looking at the sector, it seems absolutely crazy not to.”
t by Brexit, farming leaders warn
John Hardman, at the agricultural employment agency HOPS Labour Solutions,
told the Farmers Guardian
he was not optimistic that avoiding the loss of seasonal workers was
high in government priorities: “We may only just start to move up that
list when we cannot pick all of the strawberries for Wimbledon or
Brussels sprouts for Christmas.”Shropshire is more confident however: “I just can’t believe it will
happen. “It would be a great shame for the country to export a large
chunk of the British fresh produce industry.”
Laurence Olins, chairman of industry group British Summer Fruits,
recently sent a letter and a large tray of fresh strawberries,
raspberries and other berries to the new environment and home
secretaries, Andrea Leadsom and Amber Rudd: “I sent the tray so they
could actually taste them and see what they would be missing.”
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